Pulp and Paper Plant Materials Issues Addressed by X-ray and Neutron Diffraction Methods
نویسنده
چکیده
A kraft paper mill produces a steady waste stream of reacted inorganic chemicals and organic wastes called black liquor. Both monetary and environmental concerns demand that the inorganic chemicals and the organic byproducts are recycled. Currently recovery boilers are the standard means to recycle the inorganic chemicals and organic waste to produce a large fraction of the energy needed to operate a large pulp and paper mill. Energy research has indicated that gasification of the black liquor would recover the inorganic chemicals and meet a mills heat / steam requirements. In addition, gasification would produce fuel gas that can then be used to generate electricity that will meet or exceed the needs of a pulp and paper mill. Unfortunately, regeneration of the inorganic chemicals produces a highly corrosive Na2CO3 and Na2S smelt. This smelt melts at about 700°C and can produce an environment conducive to stress corrosion cracking in the composite tubes lining the recovery boiler, or can cause rapid degradation of the refractory liners in gasifiers. Numerous studies have addressed various aspects of these problems. This paper summarizes the contributions of X-ray and neutron diffraction to the materials issues in recovery boilers and black liquor gasifiers.
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